Dimension	United States	United Kingdom
Official position on vaping for cessation	Cautious; FDA does not broadly recommend	Endorsed; NHS prescribes through stop-smoking services
Regulatory pathway	PMTA (premarket application, ~48 products authorized)	MHRA notification (no pre-approval required)
Flavor restrictions	State-level bans (CA, MA, NY, NJ); federal enforcement gap	Disposable ban since June 2025; refillable still allowed
Public health messaging	"Not safe, not FDA-approved" default	"At least 95% less harmful than smoking" (PHE)
Same Cochrane evidence, different policy	Regulatory caution despite evidence	Clinical implementation of evidence