You've brewed. How does it taste?

• Sour, sharp, or thin – Under-extracted. Grind finer or use slightly hotter water.
• Bitter, hollow, or astringent – Over-extracted. Grind coarser or lower the temperature.
• Balanced, sweet, and clean – You're good. Note your ratio and time.

In cold weather, you may need to grind slightly finer to compensate for lower slurry temperature. But don't change everything at once—adjust one variable at a time.

One-line takeaway: Taste is your best guide; use the cues, not the clock.