- CDC — "Adverse Birth Outcomes Associated With Prepregnancy and Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Use" (2026)
- PubMed — "Maternal vaping and pregnancy adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis" (2026, OR 1.40 preterm, OR 1.60 LBW)
- PMC — "Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation" (2025)
- PMC — "Nicotine influence on cerebrovascular and neurocognitive function with in utero electronic cigarette exposure" (2025-2026)
- PubMed — "Nicotine e-cigarette exposure in utero diminishes spatial memory and has negative effects on attention" (2025)
- PMC — "Vaping during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis" (2026, OR 1.60 LBW, OR 1.73 SGA)
- Semantic Scholar — "New teenage challenge: vaping and pregnancy" (pooled OR 1.67 preterm birth)
- PMC — "Adverse Physical Consequences of Perinatal E-Cigarette Use by Pregnant Mothers on Their Offspring: A Scoping Review" (2026)
- CDC — "Impact of prenatal exposure to smoking on child health" (Surgeon General's Report)
- Smokefree.gov — "Myths About Smoking During Pregnancy" (official US government resource)
- ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) — clinical guidance on e-cigarette screening
- WHO — position statement on e-cigarettes and pregnancy
Editorial disclosure: This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for pregnancy-related medical decisions. If you are pregnant and use nicotine products, contact your healthcare provider or call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669) for free cessation support. This article cites peer-reviewed studies and official health authority positions. Product mentions are not endorsements. Windbar Vape has no financial relationship with any organization mentioned.
Need Help Quitting?
If you're pregnant and use nicotine products, free help is available 24/7.
Call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669) or visit Smokefree.gov
