| Dimension | United States | United Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| Federal flavor ban | No federal flavor ban; state-by-state | No federal flavor ban on disposables (flavor ban on refillable only) |
| Product authorization | FDA PMTA (48 products authorized) | MHRA notification (TPD Article 20) |
| Disposable ban | California only (AB 762) | Disposable vape ban effective June 1, 2025 |
| Nicotine limit | No federal limit | 20mg/ml max |
| Tank/refill limit | No federal limit | 2ml tank, 10ml refill bottle |
| State-level variation | 6 flavor bans + 17 PMTA registries | National law, minimal regional variation |
| Enforcement | FDA + state AGs + local health depts | Trading Standards + MHRA |
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