Research period: March – September 2026 | Sources: Federal Register (91 Fed. Reg. 11,980), FDA.gov press releases, FDA authorized product list (updated Aug 28, 2026), state AG coalition press releases, industry regulatory analysis, UK Parliament records | Analysis approach: Primary source document review of the draft guidance, FDA press releases, and public comment submissions. Cross-referenced with the FDA's authorized ENDS product list and enforcement guidance.