Claim	Evidence Level	Sources
Vaping is less harmful than smoking	HIGH	PHE, RCP, NHS, Cochrane, CDC
Vaping eliminates combustion-related disease (tar, CO)	HIGH	Chemical analysis, toxicology
Vaping is approximately 95% less harmful than smoking	MODERATE	PHE MCDA model (expert estimate, not direct measurement)
Vaping helps smokers quit	HIGH	Cochrane Review 2024, JUUL2 clinical trials
Long-term vaping health effects are fully known	INSUFFICIENT	Insufficient longitudinal data (vaping <20 years old)
Vaping is safe for non-smokers	FALSE	Nicotine addiction, unknown long-term effects
All vape products carry the same risk	FALSE	FDA-authorized vs illicit products differ significantly; EVALI caused by illicit THC products