The August 2026 Cochrane Living Review — the gold standard for medical evidence synthesis — concluded with high-certainty evidence that nicotine e-cigarettes help more adults quit smoking than nicotine replacement therapy (patches, gum, lozenges). Specifically, about 4 more people per 100 quit successfully with vapes than with NRT. But the review also flagged real limitations: evidence on long-term health effects remains limited, and results depend heavily on the type of support accompanying the